VIGILANTE began as a painting series exploring the figure of the masked anti-hero — an invented character occupying an uncertain territory between justice, aggression, absurdity and performance.

Developed between 2021 and 2023, the paintings use saturated colour, humour, vulgarity and comic-book references to undermine the certainty normally associated with the heroic figure. The VIGILANTE can appear powerful, ridiculous, threatening or vulnerable; the distinction between hero and aggressor is deliberately unstable.

The series later developed beyond painting. In 2025, VIGILANTE Returns expanded the character into installation, performance, film and public space, including a masked intervention through central Edinburgh.